Experimental uncertainty formula

The Uncertainty of Measurements

Some numerical statements are exact: Mary has 3 brothers, and 2 + 2 = 4. However, all measurements have some degree of uncertainty that may come from a variety of sources.

The process of evaluating this uncertainty associated with a measurement result is often called uncertainty analysis or error analysis.

The complete statement of a measured value should include an estimate of the level of confidence associated with the value.

Properly reporting an experimental result along with its uncertainty allows other people to make judgements about the quality of the experiment, and it facilitates meaningful comparisons with other similar values or a theoretical prediction.

Without an uncertainty estimate, it is impossible to answer the basic scientific question: "Does my result agree with a theoretical prediction or results from other experiments?" This question is fundamental for deciding if a scientific hypothesis is confirmed or refuted.

When we make a measurement, we generally assume that s

how to estimate uncertainty in physics

how do you calculate uncertainty in physics